跳到主要內容

[FW] Fashion - Making Contact


February 20, 1977, Page 225The New York Times Archives
Shortly after the November elections, two Americans who had been very much in the national limelight visited their optometrists.
President‐elect Jimmy Carter stopped in at the Brunswick, Ga., office of Dr. Carlton Hicks, who fitted him, for the first time, with one contact lens—for his right eye.
A few weeks later, TV newscaster Barbara Walters, who has worn contact lenses for years, was at the Manhattan office of Dr. Robert J. Morrison for her regular twice‐annual checkup.
Jimmy Carter and Barbara Walters have different visual problems. According to Dr. Hicks, President Carter, who has not needed corrective lenses, is beginning to have difficulty in close‐up reading and vision—a condition called presbyopiawhich afflicts most people when they reach middle age. The TV newswoman, according to Dr. Morrison. is nearsighted, or myopic, and has trouble seeing distant objects.
Carter and Walters are among several million Americans who are beneficiaries of a major—and ongoing—revolution in contact‐lens technology. They are fitted with the new, limp, waterabsorbent soft contact lenses, which are much more comfortable, but also much more costly and inconvenient, than the older hard contact lenses, made of rigid material, that have been available since the 40's.
Continue reading the main story
A half‐dozen different soft lenses have been approved by the Federal Food and Drug Administration, and manufacturers are engaged in a fiercely competitive research and development race to bring out ever‐better soft, hard and in‐between lenses. The contact‐lens industry believes it can capture an ever‐in creasing share of the market of more than 100 million Americans who now wear glasses or other corrective lenses.
A startling new advance that still is classified “experimental” in the United States could measurably contribute to this goal: The development of a lens that perhaps can be safely worn for weeks, months or even years at a time without ever being removed from the eye.
About 1.5 million Americans are fitted with contact lenses each year. The principal motive, lens fitters say, is vanity. Better vision is another. For many sports activities, contact lenses are far safer than glasses, and there are football coaches who require their weak‐eyed players to wear them.
For all wearers there is the benefit, noted recently by Dr. Morrison, of coming out from behind the “vision barrier” imposed by the frames and broken visual fields of glasses. Dr. Morrison recalls one patient, a psychiatrist, who remarked that “he had lived behind glasses for so long that contacts suddenly gave him the feeling of being ‘free.’”
More and more males are wearing contact lenses, although women and girls still predominate among wearers, according to one recent survey of contact‐lens fitters. More than a third of wearers are students, this survey shows, with clerical workers and housewives the next two most common occupational groups, followed by professionals, laborers and teachers. The lenses are particularly popular with entertainers and other celebrities who live in the public eye.
Not everyone who wears glasses can switch to contact lenses, however. Even Dr. Morrison—who once predicted that contact lenses would render eyeglasses obsolete—concedes that, at least for now, there are some people who cannot use them. The strong prisms that some persons need cannot be provided in contact lenses.
Common refractive, or visual, errors that contact lenses will correct include farsightedness and astigmatism: the visual distortion in astigmatism results from irregular curves on the corneal surfaces. Nearsightedness, Barbara Walters' problem, is the commonest reason for fitting contact lenses. She has been Dr. Morrison's patient for many years. For a while she wore hard tenses, but several years ago, he switched her to a new soft lens that he himself developed. He says that with contact lenses her vision now is 20/20 in each eve.
The reading problem that bothers President Carter is not always treated with contact lenses. Many middle‐aged persons whose sight is otherwise normal simply get reading glasses. If they already arc wearing glasses, they get bifocal lenses, in which distant vision is corrected through the central portion of the lens. while an insert at the bottom provides presbyopic correction when the wearer looks down to read. In recent years, bifocal contact lenses have been developed, but are not yet perfected. The center of the lens corrects distant vision, while the outer edge is formulated for reading.
In President Carter's case, says Dr. Hicks, the preshyopia is not severe, and may only bother the President late in the day, when he is tired. Dr. Hicks therefore will leave the President's dominant, or sharper, left eye uncorrected, for distant vision. He will try to strengthen Carter's non‐dominant right eye with a soft contact lens, to make it the lead eye for reading and other close‐up work.
A distinction must he made between the large majority of contact‐lens wearers who have refractive errors that can be adequately corrected either with contact lenses or with glasses, and the medically more important minority for whom contact lenses may he the only way to treat severe, even blinding, eye disabilities.
The most severe of these problems is keratoconus, a disease in which the normally rounded cornea becomes progressively more conical in shape, ending vision in the eye. Patients whose eyes lack lenses are the other principal medical beneficiaries of contact lenses. This condition, called aphakia, often is produced deliberately, when eye surgeons remove lenses that have become clouded by cataracts, usually in old age. The thick spectacles that may be prescribed provide a narrow, tunnel vision—rudimentary sight at best. Contact lenses restore a full visual field.
Anyone who wants to wear contact lenses must master—and practice—the tricky maneuver of inserting the lenses. The eyelids are spread wide apart with the fingertips of one hand while the opposite index finger puts the lens on the eye. Each lens is removed by putting a finger on the outside corner of the eyelids and pulling back toward the ear. A lid will catch the corner of the lens, breaking the suction, and the lens will fall out.
Many would‐be wearers simply cannot put the lenses in themselves. Some of the very best candidates—elderly patients whose cataracts have been removed, for example—are disqualified because their aged hands tremble too much to manipulate the tiny lenses.
The contact lens wearer must also undergo a “breakin period.” Hard‐lens wearers begin by wearing their lenses an hour or less a day, gradually increasing—over weeks or even months—the length of time the lenses are worn continuously each day.
For soft‐lens wearers, the break‐in period may take no more than a week or so, and some wearers go almost at once to all‐day wear. One New Jersey teen‐ager, who disliked hard lenses because “you always feel there's something under your eyelid,” says when she switched to soft lenses, “I put them in, and by the end of the day I didn't realize that they were there at all.”
About 6 million Americans are wearing contact lenses. Half of all those who are fitted for contact lenses each year get soft lenses. First developed in Czechoslovakia in the 60's, soft lenses were brought to this country by Dr. Morrison, becoming available here in the early 70's.
If fitted properly—and this is a critical if—a soft lens hugs the corneal contours more closely than a hard lens can. This helps keep dust specks from slipping in between eye and lens, a common mishap with hard lenses that can cause excruciating pain. It also means that soft lenses, which cover a slightly larger portion of the eye surface thnn hard lenses, are less likely to pop out inopportunely.
Surprisingly, though, their softness and pliancy may not be the principal reasons for the soft lenses' comfort. Dr. G. Peter Halberg, a Manhattan eye surgeon who is president of the Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, a professional group, believes that the physical trait that helps make the lenses pliant also contributes directly to their comfort: Soft lenses are hydrophilic, or water‐absorb ent. They can absorb up to half or more of their weight in body‐warmed tear fluid from the eye. “The soft sensation,” says Dr. Halberg, “comes from the fact that the material is capable of giving off water from both sides of the lens, and is warm. Something that is wet and warm is accepted by the adjacent tissue as something akin to itself.”
The key to the soft lenses' comfort is also its principal problem. The moist, warm interior of the lens is an ideal nursery for colonies of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms that can damage the eye. As a result, soft lenses must be carefully sterilized —usually by boiling them—every day. Since eye infections can be extremely dangerous, the F.D.A. has moved with great caution in licensing lens sterilization procedures. Last year, after stubbornly resisting manufacturers' pressure for quick approval, the F.D.A. satisfied itself that a cold cleansing method—in which the lenses are soaked in solutions that kill germs and break down protein deposits from the eyes —is safe and effective—and approved it.
The soft lenses are more fragile than hard ones; they can be torn irreparably by a fingernail. Their average life span is a year to a year and a half, far less than that of hard lenses. Soft lenses also are more expensive than hard lenses. In New York City, lenses and fitting—which may require a half‐dozen visits to the ophthalmologist or optometrist—can cost $300 to $500, or more.
Some soft‐lens wearers say they see better with their contacts than they ever did before. But, by and large, soft lenses do not yield the clarity of vision obtainable with hard lenses. The result is that while lack of comfort is the principal reason why wearers abandon hard lenses, as half of them eventually do, the great majority who give up on soft ones do so because they are dissatisfied with what they can see.
For these reasons, contactlens wearers and fitters have by no means abandoned hard lenses. Many believe that people who can comfortably wear hard lenses should do so. Dr. Halberg, who is a developer of soft lenses, says; “My first preference, if a person can wear them, is hard lenses, because of their great practicality.”
What promises to be the next major revolution in con tact‐lens technology appears to be the development of long‐wearing lenses. These lenses are not yet approved by the F.D.A. and in this country are worn on an experimental basis. The F.D.A., along with leaders in the field like Drs. Halberg and Morrison, is dismayed by the rush to what it cautiously calls extended‐wear lenses. The agency says the longterm safety of these lenses has not been proved.
An extended‐wear lens must solve some basic physiological problems that are encountered when foreign matter is introduced onto the living tissue of the eye. Like all body tissue, the cornea must take up oxygen, cast off carbon dioxide, and dissipate into the air the heat produced in its normal metabolic activities. Corneal asphyxiation will produce redness, swelling and great pain, all of which are well known to wearers of conventional contact lenses.
Several methods to overcome these problems have been incorporated into experimental lenses that are being used for extended wear. One such lens is made of a hard, cellulose‐acetate material that, its manufacturers claim, can carry off heat very well, and is permeable to both oxygen and carbon dioxide. Favorable reports on this “gas‐permeable” lens have begun to appear in the medical literature. After a dozen of his patients had worn the lenses continuously for periods of six to 15 months, Dr. George E. Garcia, a Harvard ophthalmologist, judged them to be midway in comfort between conventional hard lenses and soft lenses. He said on the basis of this limited initial experience that the lenses seemed safe, and he rated them “a significant advance in the contact‐lens field.”
This view is shared by William McGuire, a 47‐year old contact lens technician from Cleveland, Ohio, who had himself fitted with gaspermeable lenses, and began wearing them continuously on Labor Day of 1973. Except to clean some wind‐blown dust out of his eye on one or two occasions, he has not removed the lenses in the almost 1,200 days since.
If the gas‐permeable lens and similar experimental new lenses pass the rigorous tests that the F.D.A. is formulating to insure that long use does not insidiously injure the eye, then extended—or even continuous—wear may be the next contact‐lens trend. ■


https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/20/archives/fashion-making-contact.html

留言

這個網誌中的熱門文章

[FW] [PTT] [閒聊] 一輩子最後悔的是使用軟式隱形眼鏡

作者 nininana00 (nina...很開心?不是鮮?/) 看板 WomenTalk 標題 [閒聊] 一輩子最後悔的是使用軟式隱形眼鏡 時間 Fri Feb 23 15:42:53 2018 我今年27歲 使用軟式隱形眼鏡將近12年 目前眼睛開始畏光、無法對焦、容易頭暈、配新眼鏡還是無法看得很清楚,要開始賺錢買 藥 像我是非常需要眼睛器官來生活、工作、娛樂、交友、吸收新知與對他人展現尊重的行為 的 可能你會說你不戴超時、認真清潔、定時去蛋白等,但你不否認還是偶爾會有不舒服和發 炎 角膜在長期使用軟式隱形眼鏡後 即使拔掉後沒事,但其實已經產生不良後果與角膜變異。簡單來說在重複的戴戴、拔拔中 , 很少發炎、不舒服的我,大概沒有注意到眼睛不舒服在抗議,到現在已經都沒戴隱眼一陣 子 另外新生血管與乾眼症等容易引發發炎、癢、畏光、流淚等太常見就不說了 這是戴隱形眼鏡必然的結果,無論日拋月拋,更慘是還使用彩拋或是放大片,這些產品昂 讓 眼睛看不清楚、還沒30眼睛開始退化、還沒40眼睛得老花等 都是身邊朋友戴隱眼的後遺 症 總歸一句:丟掉軟式隱形眼鏡! 如果不得已一定要用隱形眼鏡,請務必去配硬式的!硬式也可以像沒近視那樣好看,只是 他 總之,愛漂亮也不要忽略眼睛健康,常常看到商店的櫃哥櫃姐戴放大片一眼發炎或充滿血 絲 請大家 買硬式 買硬式 買硬式 戴眼鏡 戴眼鏡 戴眼鏡 這兩個都是可以的,一開始都不要碰軟式隱眼最好! 想當初因為學生經費配置上覺得軟式便宜才購買,但長期來看,一副至少可以用三年 500 0? 為了大家的眼睛健康,求求大家不要再戴軟式了! 希望在這裡和各位年輕、健康的角膜擁有者分享,用一個曾經我也是健康的角膜擁有者角 度留 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 101.15.5.236 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/WomenTalk/M.1519371776.A.ABD.html → O187 : 硬式就不傷? 02/23 15:50 推 MissFaye : 還能雷射嗎?不行的話戴眼鏡吧 02/23 15:50 推 Leesanity : 02/23 15:51 → nininana00 : 軟式含水會吸走眼睛水分導致眼疾,硬...

[FW] 给高度数眼镜仙女实用TIPS👉🏻巧用眼药水🌸🌸

给高度数眼镜仙女实用TIPS👉🏻巧用眼药水🌸🌸 参天制药 眼药水 乐敦 哆哪 护眼 很多人都问我高度数怎么护眼,我以前也是一个长时间呆在电脑前,躺着看书把眼睛弄坏的人,后来照镜子都能发现瞳孔中有血丝而且也非常疲劳,就开始注意护眼。下面分享几款我在日本购买的,觉得不错的眼药水和洗眼液(附上价格,参考性价比) 1. 参天beautyeye玫瑰眼药水(1620日元) 当初被安利是听说号称眼药水里的爱马仕,嗯价格的确是比其他贵一些。主要就是舒缓眼疲劳,保湿眼球,去除血丝,因为非常缓和,没有FX银色的刺激,瓶子也非常美丽😍个人感觉还是非常喜欢的。 2. 乐敦Lycee小红花隐形眼镜专用眼药水(429日元) 这款是我的必备💋💋常给戴隐形眼镜的朋友们专用,特别是我们高度数又爱美的朋友,总是想折腾着给自己带个美瞳,眼睛会变得很干,这时候来两滴,会马上变得湿润哦!里面添加了最高浓度的角膜保护成分硫酸软骨素钠和保持镜片水润的成分HPMC纤维素,适合各类隐形和美瞳哦! 3. 狮王眼药水(298日元) 因为我比较喜欢温和的眼药水,这款也是不错的选择,含维生素A/E/B6,通过给眼部补给维生素和氨基酸来改善眼部疲劳和视线模糊,去除红血丝效果一般,但滋润度很好!总体性价比很高👍👍 4. 小林洗眼液(798日元) 高度数的我们,必须给眼镜做个SPA! 这时候就得安利一款小林洗眼液!共有五种颜色,都是500ml的超大容量,开封后3个月内使用完,每个都配有一个洗眼杯,有一个5ml的刻度,使用的时候将洗眼杯扣在眼睛上,抬头眨眼适当转动眼珠洗眼20秒,不要闭眼睛哦!那是洗眼皮哈哈💢💢 因为我的眼睛比较敏感,第一次尝试也会有点害怕,所以使用的是绿色,清凉感0度,温和型低刺激,药理成分比较少,同时也是日本药妆店最难买的颜色。洗完(特别是卸完妆)会发现有脏东西和灰尘线丝浮在表层,真的非常神奇…推荐首次使用的人哦!🌟🌟🌟  #眼药水 #护眼大法好 #学生党护眼保健品  最后的最后还是提醒大家,节制使用眼药水(据说有依赖性),所有眼药水一天不宜6次以上!按时让眼球休息,非必要的情况下还是去配个眼镜,毕竟连医生...

[FW] 白內障手術記實

白內障手術記實 分享:       標題是記實,但其實是一點心得感想~~  身為高度近視,年輕時很少戴太陽眼鏡,因為當時的變色鏡片功能不多沒有現在的全視線那麼好,再加上又常常在大太陽下和狐群狗黨騎著野狼到處飆,所以才剛滿一甲子的功力,左眼的白內障就影響到我的工作,不得不開刀處理掉.之前有請教過醫師何時開白內障比較適當,醫師的說法是~當覺得對你的生活造成影響時便應該要手術了.  如果一定要說明白一點的話,那應該是說:當矯正後的視力只能在0.5、0.6時,便應該要手術了.而我當時左眼的視力矯正後還有0.8,但因為會影響到我的工作,幾經考慮後,便決定要手術.手術前護理師幫我做了幾項必須的測量工作~近視度數、散光度數、眼軸長度 ... 等,這些是跟置換的人工晶體有關連的,所以當護理師在測量請你看左邊看右邊 ... 時,你一定要做確實.  手術當天照約定時間來到診所,一般檢查後便點了散瞳劑及麻藥,等瞳孔放大後就進入無菌手術室,躺上手術檯後再點一次麻藥,蓋上布只留左眼,醫師囑咐不要轉動眼睛只要看手術燈即可.因為已散瞳再加上一直看強光,所以視線都是濛濛的,只能聽到手術儀器的聲音及醫師的聲音: ... 放輕鬆 ... 眼睛不要用力 ... 快好了 ... 等等.因為有點麻藥,所以手術的過程中一點都不會痛,而且真正的手術時間也只有約10分鐘左右(猜的),只是在過程中可以隱約的看到手術器材在眼前晃來晃去,而感到有一點莫名的緊張.  我從小四發現有近視後一直到小六才開始戴眼鏡(全校師生只有我一個人戴眼鏡,在當時可算是相當轟動的),戴了一輩子的眼鏡早已把眼鏡視為必須品,就算手術後裝上人工晶體可以免除戴眼鏡的麻煩,我也決定要保留一點度數以便可以繼續戴眼鏡(... 怪胎),又因為我愛看書,所以左眼預留了近視250度,因為這個度數剛好是老花眼看近用的度數.  手術後左眼250度,但右眼還是高度近視,兩眼的視差太大.雖然右眼也有一點點白內障,且矯正視力仍然有1.0,應該是不需要手術,但因為視差太大所以在左眼手術後的半個月就開了右眼的白內障,我除了愛看書之外也常用電腦,所以決定右眼保留近視150度,因為這個度數剛好是老花眼看電腦的度數.這樣我只需要在外出時才戴眼鏡就行了,平時在室內看書用電腦都可以不用戴老花眼鏡. ...